years. The definition of educational technology currently published by the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is as follows: “Educational technology is the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving performance by creating, using, and managing appropriate technological processes and resources” (Januszewski, 2008). The definition is explained in an extensive commentary that goes over the intended meaning of each word in the definition. This new definition and the accompanying commentary demonstrate the paradigm shift in education changing from teacher centered instruction strategies to more student centered learning strategies. The use of phrases such as “facilitating learning” and “improving performance” demonstrates the importance of the learner in the field of instructional technology.
There are several terms used in the field such as educational technology, instructional technology,
instructional design, and human performance technology. Each term has a specific meaning but often
they are used interchangeably even within the field. First, instructional technology and educational technology are often used interchangeably. There are differences of opinion on the actual definitions and on which term encompasses the other, but the most common description is that educational technology encompasses instructional technology because education is more broad than just instruction (Januszewski, 2008). A further distinction is also included in the Educational Technology Wikipedia article. It states, “Educational technology encompasses instructional theory and learning theory. Instructional technology covers processes and systems of learning and instruction, [while] educational technology includes other systems used in the process of developing human capability (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_technology).
Another common term in the field is instructional design. Wikipedia’s definition is the “practice of
arranging media (communication technology) and content to help learners and teachers transfer
knowledge most effectively” (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instructional_design). This process includes determining the current state of understanding, defining the end goal of instruction, and creating some “media-based intervention” to assist in the instruction. The University of Michigan put together a list of definitions on instructional design that gives further insight to the difference between instructional design and instructional technology. It states that instructional technology is made up of instructional design together with instructional development, which they define as the process of implementing the design plans (http://www.umich.edu/~ed626/define.html).
Finally, human performance technology is defined as a new form of instructional technology that
focuses on performance problems as they relate specifically to corporations rather than to educational
institutions.
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